Anticipation

Anticipation is used to prepare the viewer for an action. It helps make the action look real. For example, when you jump rope, you bend your knees before you jump. Another example of anticipation is when a character sees or hears something off-screen. The character's attention focuses in the direction of the object or sound is coming from. Watch how the character in this animation moves their arms and legs before taking off:

T-shirt War

I loved this animation. Here is the info on how they did it... don't forget to check out their channel!



TECHNICAL EXPLANATION FOR GEEKS LIKE US: We changed shirts over 100 times each, taking individual pictures of each unique shirt. The designs on the shirts are not photoshopped. They are real shirts for each frame of animation. The video was exported at 30fps, while the T-shirt animation moves at 6fps (with a few exceptions where it moves faster) So, for each shirt, we took 5 pictures, so the animation of us (Rhett&Link) moves at 30fps, but the T-shirt animations move a bit slower. There are a few places where the motion seems so smooth that it looks like video. That's because, in those parts, there was no changing in T-shirts, and Joe used burst mode to capture the frames, making it look very smooth.

Fernand Léger

Fernand Léger, photo by Carl Van Vechten

Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, 

Van Vechten Collection.

Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (February 4, 1881 – August 17, 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker.


In 1924, in collaboration with Dudley Murphy, George Antheil, and Man Ray, Léger produced and directed the iconic and Futurism-influenced film, Ballet Mécanique (Mechanical Ballet). Neither abstract nor narrative, it is a series of images of a woman's lips and teeth, close-up shots of ordinary objects, and repeated images of human activities and machines in rhythmic movement. [Eliel 2001, p. 44.]


Watch Mechanical Ballet on YouTube:





For more of Fernand's artwork visit the Art Institute of Chicago.

Émile Cohl

 

Émile Cohl (January 4, 1857 – January 20, 1938), born Émile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet, was a French caricaturist of the Incoherent Movement, cartoonist, and animator, called "The Father of the Animated Cartoon" and "The Oldest Parisian".

Portrait of young Émile Cohl

Cartoons could help spot Autism

Just when you thought cartoons have done it all, new research is showing that animations can help doctors spot autism as early as the few weeks to months of life. Read the article from the BBC here- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7966770.stm

"This line of research holds promise for development of new therapies based on redirecting visual attention in children with these disorders." - Thomas Insel, US National Institute of Mental Health

Bob Sabiston and Digital Rotoscoping

Screening Room:

Snack and Drink (Bob Sabiston, 1999)



Waking Life (Richard Linklater, 2001)



Background:

-Bob Sabiston's early career is very much in keeping with the tradition of individual innovation not unlike Blackton, Cohl, McCay, The Fleischers, etc.

-He invented software that allowed for simple tracing over existing footage; It was essentially a modern, digital version of the "rotoscoping" technique.

-Along with Tommy Pallotta, he made Roadhead (1999) which premiered at that year's ResFest.

-His software allows even novice animators artistic freedom to create poetic animation works; unlike the often mechanical movement in older rotoscoped films, Sabiston's animation movements are much more fluid and abstract.

-Sabiston and Pallotta team with fellow Austin, Texas resident Richard Linklater to make Waking Life.

-Sabiston was one of the key creative figures responsible for the animation in 2006's A Scanner Darkly.




Rotoscoping is an animation technique in which animators trace over live-action film movement, frame by frame. Pre-recorded live-action film images were projected onto a frosted glass panel and re-drawn by an animator. This projection equipment is called a rotoscope. Today, computers do the work. In the film industry, the term rotoscoping refers to the technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-action plate so it may be composited over another background.


Rotoscope by Max Fleischer, patent drawing from 1914.

The technique was invented by Max Fleischer, who used it to create his series Out of the Inkwell , with his brother Dave Fleischer performing the live-film shots for the character of Koko the Clown.

Fleischer used rotoscope in a number of short cartoons and in the feature film Gulliver's Travels (1939). The Fleischer studio's most effective use of rotoscoping was in their series of Superman cartoons.

Ralph Bakshi used the technique quite extensively in his animated movies Wizards (1977), The Lord of the Rings (1978), American Pop (1981), and Fire and Ice (1983). Bakshi first turned to rotoscoping after 20th Century Fox refused his request for a budget increase to finish Wizards, prompting him to use the technique to finish the film.

Kanye West's Heartless (2008) directed by Hype Williams uses rotoscoping.

Rotoscoping was also used in Heavy Metal (1981), the a-ha music video "Take on Me" (1985), and Don Bluth's Titan A.E. (2000).

While rotoscoping is generally known to bring a sense of realism to larger budget animated films, the American animation company Filmation, known for its budget-cutting limited TV animation, was also notable for its heavy usage of rotoscope to good effect in series such as Flash Gordon, Blackstar, and He-Man and the Masters of the Universe.

Smoking Car Productions invented a digital rotoscoping process in 1994 for the creation of its critically-acclaimed adventure video game, The Last Express. The process was awarded U.S. Patent 6061462: Digital Cartoon and Animation Process. In the mid-1990s, Bob Sabiston, an animator and computer scientist veteran of the MIT Media Lab, developed a computer-assisted interpolated rotoscoping process which the director Richard Linklater later employed in the full-length feature films Waking Life (2001) and A Scanner Darkly (2006). Waking Life was the first feature film comprised entirely of digital rotoscoping.

Persepolis

Persepolis (2007)



Key Figures:

Marjane Satrapi - Writer/Director

Vincent Paronnaud - Co-Writer/Co-Director

Voice Actors:

Danielle Darrieux - as Grandmother

Catherine Deneuve - as Mother

Chiara Mastroianni - as Marjane